Office Manager Cover Letter Example: Perfect Your Application

A well-crafted cover letter can be the key to unlocking new career opportunities, especially for those aspiring to become an office manager. This pivotal role not only requires a diverse skill set but also demands a strong ability to communicate effectively and manage various tasks efficiently. A compelling cover letter serves as your first impression, showcasing your qualifications and enthusiasm to potential employers while setting you apart from other candidates.

In this article, we will delve into the essential elements of an effective office manager cover letter, providing you with a comprehensive example to guide your writing process. You’ll learn how to highlight your relevant experience, articulate your unique value proposition, and tailor your message to resonate with hiring managers. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or new to the field, this guide will equip you with the tools you need to perfect your application and increase your chances of landing that coveted interview.

Exploring the Office Manager Role

Key Responsibilities

The role of an office manager is multifaceted, encompassing a variety of responsibilities that ensure the smooth operation of an office environment. Office managers are often the backbone of an organization, coordinating activities and managing resources to support the overall business objectives. Here are some of the key responsibilities typically associated with the office manager role:

• Administrative Oversight: Office managers are responsible for overseeing daily administrative operations. This includes managing office supplies, ensuring that equipment is functional, and maintaining a clean and organized workspace.
• Staff Management: They often supervise administrative staff, including receptionists and clerks. This involves hiring, training, and evaluating employees, as well as fostering a positive work environment.
• Budget Management: Office managers typically handle budgeting and financial management for the office. This includes tracking expenses, preparing reports, and ensuring that the office operates within its financial means.
• Communication Liaison: Acting as a point of contact between different departments, office managers facilitate communication and collaboration. They may also handle correspondence and manage schedules for executives or teams.
• Policy Implementation: They are responsible for implementing company policies and procedures, ensuring compliance with regulations, and maintaining a safe and efficient workplace.
• Project Coordination: Office managers often oversee special projects, coordinating resources and timelines to ensure successful completion.

The office manager plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality of an office, ensuring that all operations run smoothly and efficiently. Their diverse responsibilities require a blend of organizational skills, leadership, and strategic thinking.

Essential Skills and Qualifications

To excel as an office manager, certain skills and qualifications are essential. These competencies not only enhance job performance but also contribute to career advancement opportunities. Here are some of the most important skills and qualifications for an office manager:

• Organizational Skills: Office managers must be highly organized, capable of managing multiple tasks and priorities simultaneously. This includes maintaining schedules, managing files, and ensuring that all office operations are running smoothly.
• Communication Skills: Strong verbal and written communication skills are vital. Office managers must effectively communicate with staff, executives, and external stakeholders, ensuring that information is conveyed clearly and professionally.
• Leadership Abilities: As supervisors, office managers need to demonstrate leadership qualities. This includes motivating staff, resolving conflicts, and fostering a collaborative team environment.
• Problem-Solving Skills: The ability to identify issues and develop effective solutions is crucial. Office managers often face unexpected challenges and must think critically to resolve them efficiently.
• Technical Proficiency: Familiarity with office software and technology is essential. Office managers should be proficient in tools such as Microsoft Office Suite, project management software, and communication platforms.
• Financial Acumen: Understanding budgeting and financial management is important for overseeing office expenses and ensuring that the office operates within its financial constraints.
• Time Management: Effective time management skills are necessary to prioritize tasks and meet deadlines, ensuring that all responsibilities are handled promptly.

In terms of qualifications, most office manager positions require at least a high school diploma, with many employers preferring candidates who hold a bachelor’s degree in business administration or a related field. Additionally, relevant work experience in administrative roles can significantly enhance a candidate’s prospects.

Industry-Specific Requirements

While the core responsibilities and skills of an office manager remain consistent across various industries, specific requirements can vary significantly depending on the sector. Understanding these industry-specific nuances is crucial for tailoring your application and excelling in the role. Here are some examples of how requirements can differ by industry:

• Healthcare: In a healthcare setting, office managers may need to be familiar with medical terminology, patient privacy regulations (such as HIPAA), and healthcare billing processes. They often coordinate between medical staff and administrative functions, requiring a strong understanding of both areas.
• Legal: Office managers in law firms must have a solid grasp of legal terminology and procedures. They may be responsible for managing case files, scheduling court dates, and ensuring compliance with legal regulations.
• Education: In educational institutions, office managers often handle student records, coordinate with faculty, and manage communications with parents and the community. Familiarity with educational policies and regulations is beneficial.
• Technology: In tech companies, office managers may need to understand software development processes and project management methodologies. They often work closely with technical teams and must be comfortable with technology-related tasks.
• Non-Profit: Office managers in non-profit organizations may need to be adept at grant management and fundraising activities. Understanding the unique challenges and regulations of the non-profit sector is essential.

In addition to these industry-specific requirements, office managers may also need to adapt to the unique culture and operational practices of their organization. This adaptability is crucial for fostering a productive work environment and ensuring that the office meets its goals.

The role of an office manager is dynamic and requires a diverse skill set tailored to the specific needs of the industry. By understanding the key responsibilities, essential skills, and industry-specific requirements, aspiring office managers can better prepare themselves for a successful career in this vital position.

Research and Preparation

Before you even begin drafting your office manager cover letter, it’s crucial to engage in thorough research and preparation. This foundational step not only enhances the quality of your application but also demonstrates your genuine interest in the position and the company. We will explore three key components of this preparatory phase: analyzing the job description, researching the company, and identifying key competencies.

Analyzing the Job Description

The job description is your roadmap to understanding what the employer is looking for in a candidate. It outlines the responsibilities, required skills, and qualifications necessary for the role. Here’s how to effectively analyze a job description:

• Highlight Key Responsibilities: Start by identifying the primary duties associated with the office manager position. Look for verbs that indicate action, such as “manage,” “coordinate,” “oversee,” and “support.” For example, if the job description states that the office manager will “oversee daily operations,” you should be prepared to discuss your experience in managing office workflows.
• Identify Required Skills: Pay close attention to the skills listed in the job description. These may include technical skills (like proficiency in office software), soft skills (such as communication and leadership), and specific qualifications (like a degree in business administration). Make a list of these skills and think about how your background aligns with them.
• Look for Keywords: Many companies use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to filter resumes and cover letters. To ensure your application passes through these systems, incorporate relevant keywords from the job description into your cover letter. For instance, if the job description mentions “budget management,” be sure to include that phrase if you have relevant experience.

By thoroughly analyzing the job description, you can tailor your cover letter to address the specific needs of the employer, making it more compelling and relevant.

Researching the Company

Understanding the company you are applying to is just as important as understanding the job itself. Researching the company allows you to tailor your cover letter to reflect its values, culture, and goals. Here are some effective strategies for researching a company:

• Visit the Company Website: Start with the company’s official website. Look for sections like “About Us,” “Mission and Values,” and “Careers.” This information will give you insight into the company’s culture and what they prioritize. For example, if the company emphasizes teamwork and collaboration, you might want to highlight your experience in fostering a collaborative work environment in your cover letter.
• Check Social Media Profiles: Explore the company’s social media profiles on platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. These platforms often showcase company culture, recent news, and employee testimonials. Engaging with their content can also provide you with current insights that you can reference in your cover letter.
• Read Recent News Articles: Conduct a quick search for recent news articles about the company. This could include information about new projects, leadership changes, or industry trends. Mentioning a recent achievement or initiative in your cover letter can demonstrate your enthusiasm and knowledge about the company.
• Utilize Networking: If possible, reach out to current or former employees through professional networking sites like LinkedIn. Ask them about their experiences and the company culture. This insider perspective can provide valuable information that you can weave into your cover letter.

By conducting thorough research on the company, you can craft a cover letter that resonates with the employer and shows that you are not just looking for any job, but are genuinely interested in contributing to their specific organization.

Identifying Key Competencies

Once you have analyzed the job description and researched the company, the next step is to identify the key competencies that are essential for the office manager role. Competencies are the skills, knowledge, and behaviors that contribute to successful job performance. Here’s how to identify and articulate these competencies:

• Match Your Skills to Job Requirements: Review the skills and qualifications you noted from the job description and compare them to your own experiences. For instance, if the job requires strong organizational skills, think about specific instances where you successfully organized projects or managed schedules. Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to frame your experiences in a way that highlights your competencies.
• Consider Soft Skills: In addition to technical skills, soft skills are crucial for an office manager. These may include communication, problem-solving, and leadership abilities. Reflect on your past roles and identify situations where you demonstrated these skills. For example, if you led a team through a challenging project, describe how your leadership contributed to the team’s success.
• Research Industry Standards: Different industries may prioritize different competencies for office managers. Research industry standards and best practices to understand what competencies are valued in your target sector. For example, if you are applying for a position in a tech company, familiarity with project management software and agile methodologies may be particularly important.
• Highlight Transferable Skills: If you are transitioning from a different role or industry, focus on transferable skills that are relevant to the office manager position. Skills such as time management, multitasking, and customer service are often applicable across various fields. Be sure to articulate how these skills will benefit the office manager role.

By identifying and articulating key competencies, you can create a compelling narrative in your cover letter that showcases your qualifications and aligns with the employer’s expectations.

The research and preparation phase is critical to crafting an effective office manager cover letter. By analyzing the job description, researching the company, and identifying key competencies, you can tailor your application to stand out in a competitive job market. This preparation not only enhances the quality of your cover letter but also boosts your confidence as you move forward in the application process.

Structuring Your Cover Letter

Standard Cover Letter Format

When crafting a cover letter for an office manager position, adhering to a standard format is crucial. A well-structured cover letter not only presents your qualifications effectively but also demonstrates your professionalism and attention to detail. Here’s a breakdown of the essential components of a standard cover letter format:

• Header: Start with your name, address, phone number, and email at the top of the letter. Follow this with the date and the employer’s contact information, including the hiring manager’s name, company name, and address. This section should be aligned to the left.
• Salutation: Address the hiring manager by name if possible. Use “Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name]” or “Dear Hiring Committee” if you cannot find a specific name. Avoid generic salutations like “To Whom It May Concern.”
• Introduction: Begin with a strong opening statement that captures the reader’s attention. Mention the position you are applying for and how you found out about the job. You might also include a brief statement about your enthusiasm for the role or the company.
• Body Paragraphs: This section should consist of one to three paragraphs that highlight your relevant experience, skills, and accomplishments. Use specific examples to demonstrate how your background aligns with the job requirements. Focus on your ability to manage office operations, coordinate teams, and improve efficiency.
• Closing Paragraph: Reiterate your interest in the position and express your desire for an interview. Thank the hiring manager for considering your application and provide your contact information again.
• Signature: End with a professional closing such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name. If you are sending a hard copy, leave space for your signature above your typed name.

Length and Tone

The ideal length for a cover letter is typically one page, consisting of three to four paragraphs. This length allows you to convey your qualifications without overwhelming the reader. Aim for a word count between 250 to 400 words. Here are some tips on maintaining the right tone:

• Professionalism: Your tone should be professional yet approachable. Avoid overly formal language that may come off as stiff. Instead, use a conversational tone that reflects your personality while remaining respectful.
• Confidence: Express confidence in your abilities without sounding arrogant. Use assertive language to describe your skills and experiences, such as “I successfully managed” or “I have a proven track record of.”
• Positivity: Maintain a positive tone throughout your letter. Focus on what you can bring to the company rather than what you lack. Highlight your enthusiasm for the role and the organization.
• Clarity: Be clear and concise in your writing. Avoid jargon or overly complex sentences that may confuse the reader. Each sentence should serve a purpose and contribute to your overall message.

Customizing for Each Application

One of the most critical aspects of writing a cover letter is customization. A generic cover letter can easily be spotted and may lead to your application being overlooked. Here are some strategies for tailoring your cover letter for each application:

• Research the Company: Before writing your cover letter, take the time to research the company. Understand its mission, values, and culture. This knowledge will allow you to align your skills and experiences with the company’s goals, making your application more compelling.
• Analyze the Job Description: Carefully read the job description and identify the key qualifications and responsibilities. Highlight the skills and experiences you possess that directly relate to these requirements. Use specific language from the job posting to demonstrate your fit for the role.
• Showcase Relevant Experience: Tailor your examples to reflect the specific needs of the employer. If the job emphasizes project management, discuss your experience leading projects and the outcomes you achieved. If customer service is a priority, highlight your ability to manage client relationships effectively.
• Address the Company’s Needs: In your cover letter, articulate how you can address the company’s challenges or contribute to its success. For instance, if the company is expanding, discuss your experience in managing growth and how you can help streamline operations during this transition.
• Personalize Your Introduction: Instead of using a standard opening, personalize your introduction by mentioning a recent company achievement or initiative that resonates with you. This shows that you are genuinely interested in the organization and have taken the time to learn about it.

By structuring your cover letter effectively, maintaining the right length and tone, and customizing it for each application, you can create a compelling narrative that showcases your qualifications as an office manager. Remember, your cover letter is often your first impression with a potential employer, so make it count!

Crafting a Compelling Opening

When it comes to writing an effective cover letter for an office manager position, the opening is crucial. It sets the tone for the rest of your application and can significantly influence the hiring manager’s perception of you. A well-crafted opening not only captures attention but also establishes your professionalism and enthusiasm for the role. We will explore how to address the hiring manager, create a strong opening line, and clearly state the position you are applying for and how you found it.

Addressing the Hiring Manager

One of the first steps in crafting your cover letter is to address the hiring manager directly. This personal touch demonstrates your attention to detail and shows that you have taken the time to research the company. If the job listing includes the name of the hiring manager, use it. For example:

Dear Ms. Johnson,

If the name is not provided, you can try to find it through the company’s website or LinkedIn. If you are unable to find a specific name, it is acceptable to use a general greeting such as:

Dear Hiring Manager,

Avoid using outdated salutations like “To Whom It May Concern,” as they can come off as impersonal and may suggest a lack of effort in your application process. Addressing the hiring manager by name, when possible, creates a connection and shows that you are genuinely interested in the position.

Grabbing Attention with a Strong Opening Line

Your opening line is your chance to make a memorable first impression. It should be engaging and relevant to the position you are applying for. Here are some strategies to consider when crafting your opening line:

• Highlight Your Experience: Start with a statement that showcases your relevant experience or skills. For example:

I am a seasoned office manager with over five years of experience in streamlining operations and enhancing team productivity.

• Express Enthusiasm: Show your excitement for the role and the company. For instance:

I am thrilled to apply for the Office Manager position at XYZ Corporation, a company renowned for its commitment to innovation and excellence.

• Use a Compelling Fact or Statistic: Start with an interesting fact that relates to the role or the company. For example:

Did you know that effective office management can increase productivity by up to 30%? As an office manager with a proven track record, I am eager to bring this level of efficiency to your team.

Whichever approach you choose, ensure that your opening line is concise and directly related to the position. This will not only grab the reader’s attention but also set the stage for the rest of your cover letter.

Stating the Position and How You Found It

After your engaging opening line, it’s essential to clearly state the position you are applying for and how you discovered the opportunity. This information provides context for your application and helps the hiring manager understand your motivation for applying. Here’s how to do it effectively:

• Be Specific: Clearly mention the job title as it appears in the job listing. For example:

I am writing to express my interest in the Office Manager position listed on your company’s careers page.

• Include the Source: Mention where you found the job listing. This can be particularly useful if you were referred by a current employee or if the company is actively recruiting. For example:

After learning about this opportunity through a colleague who works at XYZ Corporation, I was excited to submit my application.

Combining these elements creates a clear and professional introduction. Here’s an example of how you might put it all together:

Dear Ms. Johnson,



I am thrilled to apply for the Office Manager position at XYZ Corporation, a company renowned for its commitment to innovation and excellence. With over five years of experience in streamlining operations and enhancing team productivity, I am eager to bring my skills to your team. I learned about this opportunity through a colleague who spoke highly of your company culture and values.

This introduction not only addresses the hiring manager but also grabs attention with a strong opening line and clearly states the position and how you found it. It sets a positive tone for the rest of your cover letter, allowing you to delve deeper into your qualifications and how they align with the company’s needs.

Additional Tips for a Compelling Opening

To further enhance your opening, consider the following tips:

• Keep it Concise: Your opening should be brief and to the point. Aim for 2-3 sentences that effectively convey your message without overwhelming the reader.
• Be Authentic: Use a tone that reflects your personality while remaining professional. Authenticity can help you stand out in a sea of applications.
• Tailor Your Message: Customize your opening for each application. Highlight specific aspects of the company or role that resonate with you, demonstrating your genuine interest.
• Proofread: Ensure that your opening is free of grammatical errors and typos. A polished opening reflects your attention to detail and professionalism.

By following these guidelines, you can craft a compelling opening that captures the hiring manager’s attention and sets the stage for a strong cover letter. Remember, the goal is to make a positive first impression that encourages the reader to continue exploring your qualifications and experiences.

Showcasing Your Experience and Skills

When applying for an office manager position, your cover letter serves as a critical tool to showcase your experience and skills. This document not only introduces you to potential employers but also provides a platform to highlight your qualifications in a way that aligns with the job description. We will explore how to effectively highlight relevant experience, demonstrate key skills, and use metrics and achievements to make your application stand out.

Highlighting Relevant Experience

One of the most effective ways to capture the attention of hiring managers is by clearly outlining your relevant experience. This involves more than just listing previous jobs; it requires a strategic approach to demonstrate how your past roles have prepared you for the office manager position you are applying for.

Start by reviewing the job description carefully. Identify the key responsibilities and qualifications that the employer is seeking. Then, tailor your cover letter to reflect your experience in those areas. For instance, if the job requires experience in managing office supplies and vendor relationships, you might write:

“In my previous role as an administrative assistant at XYZ Corporation, I successfully managed the procurement of office supplies, negotiating contracts with vendors that resulted in a 15% reduction in costs while ensuring timely delivery and quality service.”

This example not only highlights relevant experience but also demonstrates your ability to achieve results. When discussing your experience, consider the following tips:

• Be Specific: Use specific examples from your past roles that directly relate to the responsibilities of an office manager. Instead of saying you “assisted with scheduling,” specify that you “coordinated the schedules of a team of 10, ensuring optimal coverage and efficiency.”
• Use Action Verbs: Start your sentences with strong action verbs such as “managed,” “coordinated,” “implemented,” or “streamlined” to convey a sense of proactivity and leadership.
• Focus on Relevance: While it’s important to provide a comprehensive overview of your experience, prioritize the most relevant roles. If you have held multiple positions, choose those that best align with the office manager role.

Demonstrating Key Skills

In addition to showcasing your experience, your cover letter should effectively demonstrate the key skills that make you an ideal candidate for the office manager position. Office managers are expected to possess a diverse skill set, including organizational abilities, communication skills, problem-solving capabilities, and proficiency in office software.

To illustrate your skills, consider using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to frame your examples. This approach allows you to provide context and show how your skills have been applied in real-world situations. For example:

“In my role at ABC Company, I faced a situation where our team was struggling with project deadlines due to poor communication. I took the initiative to implement a new project management tool that streamlined our workflow. As a result, we improved our project completion rate by 30% within three months.”

When discussing your skills, be sure to:

• Match Skills to Job Requirements: Review the job posting for specific skills mentioned and ensure you address them in your cover letter. If the employer emphasizes the need for strong communication skills, provide an example that highlights your ability to communicate effectively with team members and clients.
• Showcase Soft Skills: While technical skills are important, soft skills such as leadership, adaptability, and interpersonal skills are equally vital for an office manager. Share examples that demonstrate your ability to lead a team, adapt to changing circumstances, or resolve conflicts.
• Be Authentic: Authenticity resonates with employers. Choose examples that genuinely reflect your skills and experiences, rather than trying to fit a mold. This will help you connect with the reader on a personal level.

Using Metrics and Achievements

Quantifying your achievements is one of the most powerful ways to enhance your cover letter. Metrics provide concrete evidence of your capabilities and demonstrate the impact you have made in your previous roles. When you can show how your actions led to measurable results, you create a compelling narrative that can set you apart from other candidates.

For instance, instead of simply stating that you “managed a budget,” you could say:

“As the office manager at DEF Enterprises, I managed an annual budget of $500,000, successfully reducing operational costs by 20% through strategic vendor negotiations and process improvements.”

Here are some strategies for effectively using metrics and achievements in your cover letter:

• Identify Key Metrics: Think about the key performance indicators (KPIs) relevant to your previous roles. This could include budget management, team productivity, customer satisfaction scores, or project completion rates.
• Be Specific: Provide specific numbers and percentages to illustrate your achievements. Instead of saying you “increased efficiency,” specify that you “increased efficiency by 25% through the implementation of a new filing system.”
• Highlight Awards and Recognitions: If you have received any awards or recognitions for your work, be sure to mention them. For example, “Recognized as Employee of the Month for three consecutive months due to outstanding performance in office management.”

Incorporating metrics and achievements into your cover letter not only demonstrates your capabilities but also provides a clear picture of the value you can bring to the prospective employer. By effectively showcasing your experience, demonstrating key skills, and using metrics to highlight your achievements, you can create a compelling cover letter that captures the attention of hiring managers and positions you as a strong candidate for the office manager role.

Aligning with the Company’s Needs

When applying for an office manager position, it is crucial to align your cover letter with the specific needs of the company. This not only demonstrates your understanding of the role but also shows that you have taken the time to research the organization and its culture. We will explore how to effectively match your skills to the job requirements, showcase your cultural fit, and address any potential concerns that the employer may have.

Matching Your Skills to the Job Requirements

Every job description outlines specific skills and qualifications that the employer is seeking. To make your cover letter stand out, you need to tailor it to reflect how your skills and experiences align with these requirements. Here’s how to do it:

• Analyze the Job Description: Start by carefully reading the job description. Highlight the key skills and qualifications that the employer emphasizes. Common requirements for an office manager may include organizational skills, proficiency in office software, leadership abilities, and experience in managing budgets.
• Match Your Skills: For each requirement, think of specific examples from your past experiences that demonstrate your proficiency. For instance, if the job requires strong organizational skills, you might mention a time when you implemented a new filing system that improved efficiency in your previous workplace.
• Use Keywords: Incorporate keywords from the job description into your cover letter. This not only shows that you have the relevant skills but also helps your application get past any automated applicant tracking systems (ATS) that the company may use.

Here’s an example of how to effectively match your skills to the job requirements:

“In my previous role as an office coordinator at XYZ Corp, I successfully managed a team of five administrative staff, ensuring that all office operations ran smoothly. My experience in developing and implementing efficient office procedures led to a 20% increase in productivity over six months. I am proficient in Microsoft Office Suite and have experience with project management software, which I understand is a key requirement for this position.”

Showing Cultural Fit

Employers are not only looking for candidates with the right skills but also those who will fit well within their company culture. Demonstrating cultural fit in your cover letter can significantly enhance your chances of landing an interview. Here are some strategies to effectively convey your alignment with the company’s culture:

• Research the Company: Visit the company’s website, read their mission statement, and explore their social media profiles. Pay attention to their values, work environment, and any employee testimonials. This information will help you understand what the company prioritizes and how you can align your cover letter accordingly.
• Reflect Their Values: Once you have a grasp of the company culture, reflect their values in your cover letter. For example, if the company emphasizes teamwork and collaboration, you might include a statement about your experience working in team settings and how you foster a collaborative environment.
• Use the Right Tone: The tone of your cover letter should match the company’s culture. If the company has a formal culture, maintain a professional tone. Conversely, if the company is known for its casual and friendly atmosphere, you can adopt a more conversational tone while still being respectful.

Here’s an example of how to show cultural fit:

“I am particularly drawn to ABC Company’s commitment to innovation and teamwork. In my previous position, I led a cross-departmental project that required collaboration between marketing, sales, and customer service teams. This experience taught me the importance of open communication and collective problem-solving, which I believe aligns perfectly with ABC Company’s values.”

Addressing Potential Concerns

When reviewing your application, employers may have concerns about your qualifications or experiences. Addressing these potential concerns proactively in your cover letter can help alleviate any doubts and strengthen your application. Here’s how to do it:

• Identify Potential Concerns: Consider any gaps in your employment history, lack of specific experience, or a career change. Think about how these might be perceived by the employer and prepare to address them.
• Be Honest and Positive: If you have a gap in your employment, briefly explain it in a positive light. For example, you might mention that you took time off to care for a family member or to pursue further education. Focus on what you learned during that time and how it has prepared you for the role you are applying for.
• Highlight Transferable Skills: If you are transitioning from a different industry or role, emphasize the transferable skills that make you a strong candidate for the office manager position. For instance, if you have experience in customer service, highlight your communication and problem-solving skills, which are valuable in any office setting.

Here’s an example of how to address potential concerns:

“While my previous experience has primarily been in retail management, I have developed strong organizational and leadership skills that are directly applicable to the office manager role. During my time at DEF Retail, I managed a team of 15 employees, streamlined inventory processes, and improved customer satisfaction ratings by 30%. I am eager to bring this experience to your team and contribute to the success of your office operations.”

By effectively aligning your cover letter with the company’s needs, you can create a compelling narrative that showcases your qualifications, cultural fit, and readiness to address any concerns. This strategic approach not only enhances your application but also positions you as a thoughtful and proactive candidate, increasing your chances of securing an interview for the office manager position.

Conveying Your Enthusiasm and Fit

When applying for an office manager position, your cover letter serves as a critical tool to convey not just your qualifications, but also your enthusiasm for the role and your fit within the company culture. This section will explore how to effectively express genuine interest, align with the company’s values and mission, and personalize your narrative to create a compelling cover letter that stands out to hiring managers.

Expressing Genuine Interest

One of the most important aspects of a successful cover letter is the ability to express genuine interest in the position and the company. This goes beyond simply stating that you want the job; it involves demonstrating your passion for the role and the organization. Here are some strategies to effectively convey your enthusiasm:

• Research the Company: Before you start writing, take the time to research the company thoroughly. Understand its products, services, culture, and recent news. This knowledge will allow you to tailor your cover letter to reflect your interest in the specific organization.
• Use Specific Examples: Instead of generic statements like “I am excited about this opportunity,” provide specific reasons why you are drawn to the company. For instance, you might say, “I admire your commitment to sustainability and innovation, which aligns with my personal values and professional goals.”
• Showcase Your Passion: Share anecdotes or experiences that highlight your passion for office management. For example, you could mention a project where you implemented a new filing system that improved efficiency, showcasing your proactive approach and love for organizational excellence.

By weaving these elements into your cover letter, you can create a narrative that resonates with hiring managers and showcases your genuine interest in the position.

Aligning with Company Values and Mission

Every company has its own set of values and a mission statement that guides its operations. As an office manager, aligning your skills and experiences with these values can significantly enhance your cover letter. Here’s how to do it:

• Identify Core Values: Review the company’s website, social media, and any available literature to identify its core values. Look for keywords and phrases that resonate with you and your professional philosophy.
• Connect Your Experience: Once you have identified the company’s values, think about how your past experiences align with them. For example, if the company values teamwork, you might discuss a time when you successfully led a team project that required collaboration and communication.
• Use the Company’s Language: Incorporate the language used in the company’s mission statement or values into your cover letter. This not only shows that you have done your homework but also that you are a good cultural fit. For instance, if the company emphasizes “innovation,” you could mention how you implemented a new software solution that streamlined office processes.

Aligning your experiences with the company’s values demonstrates that you are not only qualified for the role but also a good fit for the organization’s culture.

Personalizing Your Narrative

Personalization is key to making your cover letter memorable. A generic cover letter can easily be overlooked, while a personalized one can capture the attention of hiring managers. Here are some tips for personalizing your narrative:

• Address the Hiring Manager by Name: Whenever possible, address your cover letter to a specific person rather than using a generic greeting. This shows that you have taken the time to research and are genuinely interested in the position.
• Share Your Story: Use your cover letter to tell your professional story. Discuss your career journey, highlighting key experiences that have shaped your skills as an office manager. For example, you might share how you transitioned from an administrative assistant to an office manager, detailing the skills you developed along the way.
• Include Personal Touches: If you have a personal connection to the company or its mission, mention it. For instance, if you have previously volunteered for a nonprofit that the company supports, share that experience and how it has influenced your desire to work there.

By personalizing your narrative, you create a connection with the reader and make your application more relatable and engaging.

Example of a Personalized Cover Letter Excerpt

To illustrate these points, here’s an example excerpt from a cover letter for an office manager position:

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am thrilled to apply for the Office Manager position at [Company Name]. As a long-time admirer of your commitment to community engagement and sustainability, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to a company that aligns so closely with my values. In my previous role at [Previous Company], I led a team that implemented a paperless filing system, reducing our environmental footprint while increasing efficiency by 30%. This experience not only honed my organizational skills but also deepened my passion for creating sustainable office practices.

Having researched [Company Name], I was particularly impressed by your recent initiative to support local charities. As someone who has volunteered with [Charity Name], I understand the importance of giving back to the community and would love to bring that same spirit to your team.

This excerpt effectively expresses genuine interest, aligns with the company’s values, and personalizes the narrative, making it a strong example of how to convey enthusiasm and fit in a cover letter.

Conveying your enthusiasm and fit in your office manager cover letter is essential for making a lasting impression. By expressing genuine interest, aligning with the company’s values, and personalizing your narrative, you can create a compelling application that showcases not only your qualifications but also your passion for the role and the organization.

Closing Your Cover Letter

As you approach the end of your cover letter, it’s crucial to leave a lasting impression on the hiring manager. The closing section of your cover letter is your final opportunity to summarize your value proposition, encourage the reader to take action, and sign off professionally. This part of your cover letter can significantly influence the hiring manager’s perception of you as a candidate. Below, we will explore how to effectively close your cover letter with a strong summary, a compelling call to action, and a polished sign-off.

Summarizing Your Value Proposition

The value proposition is a statement that clearly outlines the unique benefits you bring to the table as an office manager. In the closing paragraph, you should succinctly summarize your key qualifications and how they align with the needs of the organization. This is your chance to reinforce why you are the ideal candidate for the position.

To craft an effective summary, consider the following steps:

• Highlight Key Skills: Reiterate the most relevant skills and experiences that make you a strong candidate. For example, if you have extensive experience in project management, mention how this skill will help streamline office operations.
• Align with Company Goals: Research the company’s mission and values, and connect your skills to their objectives. For instance, if the company emphasizes teamwork, you might mention your ability to foster collaboration among team members.
• Use Quantifiable Achievements: Whenever possible, include specific achievements that demonstrate your capabilities. For example, “In my previous role, I successfully reduced office supply costs by 20% through strategic vendor negotiations.”

Here’s an example of how to summarize your value proposition:

“With over five years of experience in office management, I have honed my skills in team leadership, budget management, and process optimization. My ability to implement efficient systems has led to a 30% increase in productivity in my current role. I am excited about the opportunity to bring my expertise in streamlining operations and enhancing team collaboration to [Company Name].”

Call to Action

A strong call to action (CTA) encourages the hiring manager to take the next step in the hiring process. This could be an invitation for an interview or a request for further discussion about your qualifications. A well-crafted CTA not only shows your enthusiasm for the position but also demonstrates your proactive nature.

When writing your CTA, consider the following tips:

• Be Direct: Clearly state what you would like to happen next. For example, “I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my skills can contribute to the success of your team.”
• Express Enthusiasm: Show genuine interest in the position and the company. Phrases like “I am eager to bring my expertise to [Company Name]” can convey your excitement.
• Indicate Availability: If appropriate, mention your availability for an interview. For instance, “I am available for a conversation at your earliest convenience and can be reached at [your phone number] or [your email].”

Here’s an example of a compelling call to action:

“I am excited about the possibility of contributing to [Company Name] and would love the opportunity to discuss my application further. I am available for an interview at your convenience and can be reached at [your phone number] or [your email]. Thank you for considering my application.”

Professional Sign-Off

The final touch of your cover letter is the sign-off. A professional sign-off not only reflects your professionalism but also leaves a positive impression. Here are some tips for crafting an effective sign-off:

• Choose the Right Closing Phrase: Use a formal closing phrase such as “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Kind regards.” Avoid overly casual phrases like “Cheers” or “Take care.”
• Include Your Name: After the closing phrase, leave a space for your signature (if sending a hard copy) and then type your full name. If you are sending the cover letter via email, you can also include your contact information below your name.
• Consider Adding a Postscript (P.S.): If you have a particularly noteworthy achievement or a final thought that reinforces your candidacy, consider adding a P.S. This can be an effective way to draw attention to something important without disrupting the flow of your closing.

Here’s an example of a professional sign-off:

Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Phone Number]
[Your Email Address]

Closing your cover letter effectively is essential to making a strong final impression. By summarizing your value proposition, crafting a compelling call to action, and using a professional sign-off, you can enhance your chances of securing an interview. Remember, the goal is to leave the hiring manager with a clear understanding of your qualifications and a desire to learn more about you. Take the time to personalize your closing, and you will set yourself apart from other candidates.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

When crafting an office manager cover letter, it’s crucial to avoid common pitfalls that can undermine your application. A well-written cover letter can set you apart from other candidates, but certain mistakes can detract from your professionalism and suitability for the role. Below, we explore three prevalent mistakes: using generic content, writing overly long or short letters, and failing to proofread for typos and grammatical errors.

Generic Content

One of the most significant mistakes applicants make is using generic content in their cover letters. A generic cover letter fails to capture the attention of hiring managers and can give the impression that you are not genuinely interested in the position or the company. Here are some key points to consider:

• Personalization is Key: Tailor your cover letter to the specific job and company. Start by addressing the hiring manager by name, if possible. This small detail shows that you have done your research and are genuinely interested in the position.
• Highlight Relevant Experience: Instead of using a one-size-fits-all approach, focus on your relevant skills and experiences that align with the job description. For instance, if the job requires strong organizational skills, provide specific examples of how you have successfully managed projects or streamlined processes in previous roles.
• Showcase Your Knowledge of the Company: Demonstrating knowledge about the company’s culture, values, and recent developments can set your cover letter apart. Mentioning specific projects or initiatives that resonate with you can illustrate your enthusiasm and fit for the organization.

For example, instead of writing, “I have experience managing office tasks,” you could say, “In my previous role at XYZ Corp, I successfully implemented a new filing system that reduced retrieval time by 30%, which aligns with your company’s commitment to efficiency.” This approach not only highlights your experience but also connects it directly to the company’s goals.

Overly Long or Short Letters

Another common mistake is writing a cover letter that is either too long or too short. Striking the right balance is essential to maintain the reader’s interest and convey your message effectively.

• Length Matters: A cover letter should typically be one page long, consisting of three to four paragraphs. This length allows you to provide enough detail about your qualifications without overwhelming the reader. If your letter is too short, you may not provide enough information to convince the hiring manager of your suitability. Conversely, if it’s too long, you risk losing their attention.
• Be Concise: Focus on the most relevant information. Use clear and concise language to convey your points. Avoid unnecessary jargon or overly complex sentences that can confuse the reader. Each sentence should serve a purpose, whether it’s to highlight your skills, demonstrate your enthusiasm, or explain why you’re a good fit for the role.
• Use Bullet Points Wisely: If you have several key achievements or skills to highlight, consider using bullet points to make them stand out. This format can make your letter easier to read and allows hiring managers to quickly grasp your qualifications.

For instance, instead of writing a lengthy paragraph about your experience, you could summarize your key achievements in bullet points:

- Managed a team of five administrative staff, improving overall productivity by 20%.
- Developed and implemented a new scheduling system that reduced appointment conflicts by 40%.
- Coordinated office events and meetings, enhancing team collaboration and morale.

This format not only makes your accomplishments more digestible but also emphasizes your qualifications effectively.

Typos and Grammatical Errors

Typos and grammatical errors can severely damage your credibility and professionalism. A cover letter filled with mistakes suggests a lack of attention to detail, which is a critical skill for an office manager. Here are some strategies to avoid these errors:

• Proofread Multiple Times: After writing your cover letter, take a break before proofreading. This distance can help you catch mistakes you might have overlooked initially. Read your letter several times, focusing on different aspects each time—grammar, spelling, and overall flow.
• Use Tools: Utilize grammar and spell-check tools like Grammarly or Hemingway to catch errors. While these tools are helpful, they are not foolproof, so always do a manual check as well.
• Get a Second Opinion: Have a friend or colleague review your cover letter. A fresh set of eyes can catch mistakes you may have missed and provide valuable feedback on the overall tone and clarity of your writing.

For example, instead of writing, “I am very organized and can manage multiple tasks at once,” ensure that your sentence is grammatically correct and impactful: “I excel in organization and thrive in managing multiple tasks simultaneously.” This not only corrects the grammar but also enhances the professionalism of your statement.

Avoiding these common mistakes can significantly improve the quality of your office manager cover letter. By personalizing your content, maintaining an appropriate length, and ensuring your writing is free of errors, you can create a compelling application that stands out to hiring managers. Remember, your cover letter is often your first impression—make it count!

Finalizing Your Cover Letter

Once you have crafted your office manager cover letter, the final steps are crucial to ensure that your application stands out. This section will guide you through essential proofreading tips, the importance of seeking feedback, and best practices for formatting and saving your document.

Proofreading Tips

Proofreading is a critical step in the cover letter writing process. Even minor errors can create a negative impression on potential employers. Here are some effective proofreading tips to help you polish your cover letter:

• Take a Break: After finishing your cover letter, step away from it for a few hours or even a day. This break will help you return with fresh eyes, making it easier to spot errors or awkward phrasing.
• Read Aloud: Reading your cover letter out loud can help you catch mistakes that you might overlook when reading silently. It also allows you to hear the flow of your writing, ensuring it sounds natural and engaging.
• Check for Consistency: Ensure that your cover letter maintains a consistent tone and style. Pay attention to verb tenses, formatting, and the use of bullet points or lists. Consistency enhances readability and professionalism.
• Focus on Common Errors: Be on the lookout for common mistakes such as typos, grammatical errors, and punctuation issues. Pay special attention to words that are often confused, like “their” vs. “there” or “its” vs. “it’s.”
• Use Tools: Utilize grammar and spell-check tools like Grammarly or Hemingway to catch errors you might have missed. However, don’t rely solely on these tools; they can miss context-specific mistakes.
• Check the Job Description: Revisit the job description to ensure that you have addressed all the key qualifications and skills mentioned. Tailoring your cover letter to the specific job can significantly enhance your chances of getting noticed.

Seeking Feedback

Feedback from others can provide valuable insights into your cover letter. Here’s how to effectively seek and utilize feedback:

• Choose the Right Reviewers: Select individuals who have experience in hiring or are familiar with the office manager role. This could include mentors, colleagues, or friends in the industry. Their insights will be more relevant and constructive.
• Be Specific: When asking for feedback, be specific about what you want them to focus on. For example, you might ask them to evaluate the clarity of your writing, the strength of your opening paragraph, or whether your qualifications are effectively highlighted.
• Be Open to Criticism: Accept feedback graciously, even if it’s critical. Remember, the goal is to improve your cover letter. Take notes on the suggestions provided and consider how you can incorporate them into your final draft.
• Ask for Clarification: If you receive feedback that you don’t understand, don’t hesitate to ask for clarification. This will help you grasp the reviewer’s perspective and make more informed revisions.
• Test Different Versions: If you receive conflicting feedback, consider creating multiple versions of your cover letter. This allows you to test different approaches and see which resonates best with your audience.

Formatting and Saving Your Document

Proper formatting and saving your cover letter correctly are essential for presenting a professional image. Here are some tips to ensure your document is well-formatted and saved appropriately:

• Use a Professional Font: Choose a clean, professional font such as Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman. The font size should be between 10 and 12 points for readability.
• Maintain Consistent Margins: Use standard one-inch margins on all sides of your document. This creates a balanced look and ensures that your text is not cramped.
• Include Your Contact Information: At the top of your cover letter, include your name, address, phone number, and email address. This information should be formatted consistently and easy to read.
• Use Clear Headings: If your cover letter is longer than one page, consider using headings to break up sections. This can help guide the reader through your letter and make it easier to digest.
• Save in the Right Format: When saving your document, use a widely accepted format such as PDF or DOCX. PDFs preserve your formatting and ensure that your cover letter appears the same on any device.
• Name Your File Appropriately: Use a clear and professional file name that includes your name and the position you are applying for. For example, “Jane_Doe_Office_Manager_Cover_Letter.pdf” makes it easy for hiring managers to identify your document.
• Double-Check File Size: Ensure that your file size is not too large, as some email systems may have restrictions. A file size under 1MB is generally safe.

By following these final steps—proofreading, seeking feedback, and ensuring proper formatting—you can enhance the quality of your office manager cover letter. A well-prepared cover letter not only showcases your qualifications but also reflects your professionalism and attention to detail, making a strong impression on potential employers.

Office Manager Cover Letter Example

Annotated Example

Crafting a compelling cover letter is essential for any job application, especially for a role as multifaceted as an Office Manager. Below is an annotated example of an Office Manager cover letter, highlighting key components and providing insights into why each part is important.

[Your Name]  
[Your Address]  
[City, State, Zip]  
[Your Email]  
[Your Phone Number]  
[Date]  

[Employer's Name]  
[Company's Name]  
[Company's Address]  
[City, State, Zip]  

Dear [Employer's Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the Office Manager position at [Company's Name] as advertised on [where you found the job listing]. With over [X years] of experience in office administration and a proven track record of enhancing operational efficiency, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your team.

In my previous role at [Previous Company Name], I successfully managed a team of [number] administrative staff, overseeing daily operations and ensuring that all office functions ran smoothly. My responsibilities included scheduling meetings, managing budgets, and implementing new office procedures that improved productivity by [specific percentage or outcome]. For example, I introduced a digital filing system that reduced document retrieval time by [specific time], allowing our team to focus on more strategic tasks.

I am particularly drawn to this position at [Company's Name] because of [specific reason related to the company or its values]. I admire your commitment to [specific company value or project], and I believe my skills in [specific skills relevant to the job] align perfectly with your needs. I am adept at [mention any relevant software or tools], which I understand is crucial for this role.

Furthermore, my strong communication skills have enabled me to build positive relationships with both staff and clients. I believe that fostering a collaborative work environment is key to achieving organizational goals. At [Previous Company Name], I initiated regular team meetings that not only improved morale but also enhanced our project outcomes.

I am excited about the possibility of bringing my unique expertise to [Company's Name] and contributing to your continued success. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my background, skills, and enthusiasms align with the goals of your team. Thank you for considering my application. I hope to speak with you soon.

Sincerely,  
[Your Name]

Analysis of the Cover Letter:

• Header: The header includes your contact information and the employer’s details, which is standard for professional correspondence. It sets a formal tone and makes it easy for the employer to reach you.
• Opening Paragraph: The opening paragraph clearly states the position you are applying for and where you found the job listing. This is crucial as it provides context and shows your interest in the specific role.
• Body Paragraphs: The body of the letter highlights your relevant experience and achievements. Use quantifiable results to demonstrate your impact in previous roles. This not only showcases your skills but also provides evidence of your capabilities.
• Connection to the Company: Mentioning why you are drawn to the company shows that you have done your research and are genuinely interested in being part of their team. This personal touch can set you apart from other candidates.
• Closing Paragraph: The closing paragraph reiterates your enthusiasm for the position and invites further discussion. It’s polite and professional, leaving a positive impression.

Key Takeaways

When writing your Office Manager cover letter, keep the following key takeaways in mind:

• Tailor Your Letter: Customize your cover letter for each application. Highlight experiences and skills that are most relevant to the specific job description.
• Be Concise: Aim for a one-page cover letter. Be clear and to the point, ensuring that every sentence adds value to your application.
• Use Action Verbs: Start sentences with strong action verbs to convey confidence and proactivity. Words like “managed,” “implemented,” and “enhanced” can make a significant impact.
• Showcase Soft Skills: As an Office Manager, soft skills such as communication, leadership, and problem-solving are just as important as technical skills. Make sure to highlight these in your letter.
• Proofread: Spelling and grammatical errors can undermine your professionalism. Always proofread your cover letter or have someone else review it before sending.

Customization Tips

Customizing your cover letter is crucial to making a strong impression. Here are some tips to help you tailor your application effectively:

• Research the Company: Understand the company’s culture, values, and recent developments. This knowledge will allow you to align your skills and experiences with their needs and demonstrate your genuine interest.
• Match Your Skills to the Job Description: Carefully read the job description and identify the key skills and experiences the employer is looking for. Make sure to address these directly in your cover letter.
• Use Keywords: Incorporate keywords from the job listing into your cover letter. This not only shows that you are a good fit but also helps your application get past any automated screening tools.
• Highlight Relevant Achievements: Focus on achievements that are most relevant to the Office Manager role. If the job emphasizes budget management, for instance, discuss your experience in that area in detail.
• Adjust Your Tone: The tone of your cover letter should reflect the company’s culture. If the company is known for being formal, maintain a professional tone. Conversely, if it has a more casual atmosphere, you can adopt a slightly more relaxed style.

By following these guidelines and utilizing the annotated example, you can create a compelling Office Manager cover letter that effectively showcases your qualifications and enthusiasm for the role. Remember, your cover letter is your chance to make a strong first impression, so take the time to craft it thoughtfully.

FAQs

How Long Should My Cover Letter Be?

When it comes to crafting a cover letter for an office manager position, length matters, but so does content. Ideally, your cover letter should be one page long, consisting of three to four paragraphs. This length is sufficient to convey your qualifications, enthusiasm, and fit for the role without overwhelming the reader.

Here are some guidelines to help you maintain the right length:

• Introduction (1 paragraph): Start with a strong opening that captures the hiring manager’s attention. Mention the position you are applying for and where you found the job listing. A brief personal connection to the company or role can also be effective.
• Body (2-3 paragraphs): This is where you elaborate on your qualifications. Discuss your relevant experience, skills, and achievements that align with the job description. Use specific examples to illustrate your points, such as how you improved office efficiency or managed a team successfully.
• Closing (1 paragraph): Conclude with a strong closing statement that reiterates your interest in the position and invites the hiring manager to contact you for an interview. Thank them for considering your application.

Remember, hiring managers often have limited time to review applications, so being concise yet informative is key. Aim for 250 to 400 words total, ensuring every sentence adds value to your application.

Can I Use the Same Cover Letter for Multiple Applications?

While it may be tempting to use a generic cover letter for multiple applications, this approach is generally not advisable. Each cover letter should be tailored to the specific job and company you are applying to. Here’s why:

• Personalization: A tailored cover letter demonstrates your genuine interest in the position and the company. It shows that you have taken the time to research the organization and understand its values, culture, and needs.
• Relevance: Different office manager positions may require different skills and experiences. By customizing your cover letter, you can highlight the most relevant qualifications that align with the specific job description.
• Stand Out: In a competitive job market, a personalized cover letter can help you stand out from other candidates. It allows you to showcase your unique qualifications and how they specifically relate to the role.

To effectively tailor your cover letter, consider the following steps:

1. Research the Company: Visit the company’s website, read their mission statement, and familiarize yourself with their products or services. This knowledge will help you align your skills with their needs.
2. Analyze the Job Description: Identify the key responsibilities and qualifications listed in the job posting. Make a list of your experiences that directly relate to these requirements.
3. Customize Your Content: Rewrite your cover letter to reflect the specific skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job. Use keywords from the job description to demonstrate your fit.

By taking the time to personalize your cover letter for each application, you increase your chances of making a positive impression and landing an interview.

What Should I Do if I Have No Direct Experience?

Not having direct experience in an office manager role can be daunting, but it doesn’t mean you can’t write a compelling cover letter. Many skills are transferable, and you can highlight relevant experiences from other positions or contexts. Here are some strategies to consider:

• Highlight Transferable Skills: Focus on skills that are applicable to the office manager role, such as organization, communication, problem-solving, and leadership. For example, if you have experience managing projects or leading a team in a different capacity, emphasize those skills.
• Leverage Related Experience: Even if you haven’t held the title of office manager, you may have performed similar tasks in previous roles. For instance, if you’ve coordinated schedules, managed budgets, or handled customer service, these experiences are relevant. Be sure to detail these responsibilities in your cover letter.
• Showcase Relevant Education or Certifications: If you have completed any relevant coursework, training, or certifications, mention them in your cover letter. This could include degrees in business administration, project management certifications, or courses in office software.
• Express Your Enthusiasm: Employers value candidates who are eager to learn and grow. Use your cover letter to express your passion for the role and your willingness to take on new challenges. Highlight your commitment to developing the skills necessary to succeed as an office manager.
• Include Volunteer Work or Internships: If you have volunteered or interned in roles that required organizational skills or teamwork, include these experiences. They can demonstrate your ability to manage responsibilities and work collaboratively.

Here’s an example of how to frame your lack of direct experience in a cover letter:

“While I have not held the title of office manager, my experience as a project coordinator has equipped me with the skills necessary to excel in this role. In my previous position, I successfully managed multiple projects simultaneously, ensuring that deadlines were met and communication flowed smoothly among team members. My ability to organize tasks and prioritize effectively will allow me to contribute positively to your team.”

By focusing on your transferable skills, relevant experiences, and enthusiasm for the role, you can create a strong cover letter that makes a compelling case for your candidacy, even without direct experience in an office manager position.